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Classification of alumina ceramics:
According to the different Al2O3 contents, they are divided into 99 ceramic, 95 ceramic, 90 ceramic, 85 ceramic and other varieties. Sometimes, those with Al2O3 content of 80% or 75% are also classified as ordinary alumina ceramic series. Among them, 99 alumina ceramic materials are used to make high-temperature crucibles, refractory furnace tubes and special wear-resistant materials, such as ceramic bearings, ceramic seals and water valve plates; 95 alumina ceramics are mainly used as corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant parts; 85 ceramic is often mixed with some talc, which improves the electrical properties and mechanical strength, and can be sealed with metals such as molybdenum, niobium, and tantalum. Some are used as electric vacuum device components.
There are many methods for forming alumina ceramic products, including dry pressing, grouting, extrusion, cold isostatic pressing, injection, casting, hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing. Different product shapes, sizes, complex shapes and precision products require different forming methods.
Alumina ceramics have a series of excellent properties such as high insulation resistance, high hardness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength and good wear resistance. Because it can resist the erosion of gold and slag, it is often used to make special refractory materials, wear-resistant parts and tool materials in the machinery industry, and even used as insulators in the electronics industry and other industries.
Characteristics of alumina ceramics:
● Alumina is an excellent electrical insulator that can resist extremely high currents, and its electrical resistance increases with its purity. The higher the purity of alumina, the higher the resistance.
● Alumina ceramics have a very high melting point and strong mechanical strength. However, its mechanical strength decreases when the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃. Due to the huge difference in its thermal expansion coefficient, its resistance to thermal shock is less effective when exposed to very high temperatures.
● The excellent chemical stability of alumina is the main reason for its high corrosion resistance.
● Alumina is also slightly soluble in strong acids (such as hot sulfuric acid and hot HCl and HF also have a certain corrosive effect) and alkaline solutions, but is insoluble in water. Pure alumina can resist chemical corrosion, making pure alumina the main choice for engineering components in a variety of industrial applications. Its resistance to chemical corrosion has been shown to be due to its low solubility in these chemicals.
● The introduction of additives can enhance the physical and chemical properties of alumina. These additives, combined with different production processes, can help produce alumina ceramics of different sizes and shapes.
● Alumina ceramic material has the lowest vapor and decomposition pressure.
● Alumina ceramic is similar to aluminum nitride based on its good thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation properties.
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